Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective therapeutic relationships?

Effective therapeutic relationships are built on several key characteristics that promote healing and support for clients. Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of another, enabling therapists to connect deeply with their clients. Transparency creates an open environment where clients feel safe to express their thoughts and emotions. Trustworthiness establishes a solid foundation in which clients can feel secure sharing personal information.

In contrast, superficiality undermines the authenticity of the therapeutic relationship. It suggests a lack of depth in interactions, where the therapist may not engage in meaningful conversation or connection. This characteristic can create barriers to trust and openness, making it difficult for clients to rely on the therapeutic process. Thus, superficiality does not contribute positively to the effectiveness of therapeutic relationships, making it the correct choice for this question.