Which genetic disorder is caused by a mutation on the X chromosome and results in intellectual disability?

Fragile X syndrome is indeed caused by a mutation on the X chromosome, specifically due to a repeat expansion of the FMR1 gene. This genetic alteration leads to a lack of the fragile X mental retardation protein, which plays a crucial role in neural development. The absence of this protein results in various cognitive impairments, including intellectual disability, which is a hallmark of the condition.

This syndrome is particularly notable as it is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and also frequently associated with autism spectrum disorders and various behavioral challenges. Individuals with Fragile X syndrome often exhibit social difficulties, anxiety, and hyperactivity, making early identification and intervention critical for therapeutic support. Understanding the genetic basis of Fragile X not only highlights the importance of genetics in developmental disorders but also underscores the need for informed music therapy approaches, catering to the unique needs of individuals affected by this condition.