Which condition is identified by an IQ of 70 or less, based on biomedical, environmental, or educational causes?

The condition characterized by an IQ of 70 or less, along with deficits in adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period, is known as intellectual disability. This definition encompasses various causes, including biomedical, environmental, and educational factors. Intellectual disability affects an individual's cognitive abilities and can impact their daily functioning and development.

By identifying it this way, the framework highlights the significant role that both nature (biomedical causes) and nurture (environmental influences) play in the overall construction of cognitive abilities and adaptive skills. This approach underpins how we understand, identify, and support individuals with intellectual disabilities through tailored interventions in education and therapy.

Other choices, while they relate to cognitive or developmental issues, do not specifically describe a condition categorized by a defined IQ threshold and the accompanying adaptive challenges. For example, learning disabilities typically focus on specific areas of learning rather than overall cognitive functioning, and developmental delays describe a broader range of issues without the strict IQ criterion. Down's Syndrome, while associated with intellectual disability, is a specific genetic condition rather than a classification based on IQ alone.