What type of heart condition involves reduced blood supply due to an obstruction in an artery?

The condition that involves reduced blood supply due to an obstruction in an artery is indeed myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction, commonly referred to as a heart attack, occurs when a coronary artery becomes blocked, typically due to a buildup of plaque or blood clot. This blockage prevents oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle, which can lead to the death of heart tissue if not promptly addressed.

In this situation, the obstruction directly impacts the blood supply, which is critical for the heart's function. Reduced blood flow results in ischemia and can cause significant damage to the heart muscle. Timely intervention is essential in the case of a myocardial infarction to restore blood flow and minimize heart damage.

Other heart conditions mentioned involve different mechanisms or symptoms. Angina refers to chest pain due to temporary reduced blood flow but is not an actual obstruction of the artery. Cardiomyopathy relates to diseases of the heart muscle affecting its size and shape, and congestive heart failure is a condition where the heart's ability to pump blood is compromised but is not specifically linked to arterial obstruction. Thus, myocardial infarction is definitively connected to the obstruction of arteries leading to a critical reduction in blood supply.