What syndrome is associated with maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, leading to various developmental issues?

Fetal alcohol syndrome is directly linked to maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and is characterized by a range of developmental issues in the child. These can include physical abnormalities, cognitive impairments, and behavioral issues that arise because alcohol can interfere with the normal development of the fetus. The effects vary but can lead to lifelong challenges in areas such as learning, social skills, and physical growth.

In contrast, Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition caused by changes in a specific gene, and while it can also result in developmental issues, it is not related to alcohol exposure. Spina bifida is a neural tube defect stemming from the incomplete development of the spinal cord and is influenced by factors such as genetics and folic acid deficiency, rather than alcohol consumption. Meningitis refers to the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, typically caused by infections, which also does not relate to alcohol exposure during pregnancy.