What is a hypothesis?

A hypothesis is fundamentally a statement that predicts the outcome of an experiment based on existing knowledge and understanding of the subject matter. It serves as a foundation for scientific inquiry, guiding the research process by providing a clear focus and direction for what the researcher intends to investigate. In formulating a hypothesis, the researcher often draws on theories, past research, and observations to propose a potential relationship between variables or an anticipated result.

In this context, the correct answer emphasizes the predictive nature of a hypothesis, illustrating how it serves as a preliminary explanation that can be tested through experimentation. A well-constructed hypothesis is essential for the scientific method because it allows for the generation of predictions and the establishment of a framework for analyzing the results of an experiment.