What disorder is characterized by attention difficulties and hyperactivity that typically begins before age seven?

The disorder characterized by attention difficulties and hyperactivity that typically begins before age seven is Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), now often referred to as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) without the hyperactivity specification. This condition is recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), where the criteria emphasize symptoms related to inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that manifest in early childhood.

Individuals diagnosed with this disorder often experience challenges maintaining attention, especially in activities that require sustained mental effort, and may demonstrate impulsive behaviors that can impact their academic and social functioning. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for effective management of symptoms and promoting better outcomes in educational and social environments.

The other options do not align with the description given in the question. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder involves persistent and unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Generalized Anxiety Disorder is marked by excessive worry about a range of topics and does not primarily present with hyperactivity or attentional issues. Social Communication Disorder focuses on difficulties in social use of verbal and nonverbal communication but is distinct from the attention and hyperactivity symptoms associated with ADD/ADHD.