What condition describes a person choosing not to speak?

Selective mutism is the condition that specifically describes a person choosing not to speak in certain situations, typically where they feel anxious or uncomfortable, even though they are capable of speech in other settings. This condition is most commonly seen in children who might speak freely at home but become mute in social environments, such as at school or during social gatherings.

The distinguishing feature of selective mutism is that it is not due to a lack of knowledge or comfort with the language but is instead associated with anxiety and fear regarding specific social interactions. Treatment often involves therapeutic approaches that focus on reducing anxiety and gradually encouraging speech in those anxiety-provoking situations.

The other options, while related to communication difficulties or anxiety, do not specifically refer to the act of voluntarily choosing not to speak in specific situations. Understanding the nuances of selective mutism is crucial for recognizing and providing appropriate support to individuals who experience it.