What concept refers to the enjoyment derived from unexpected twists or surprises in music?

The concept that refers to the enjoyment derived from unexpected twists or surprises in music is the theory of expectations. This theory suggests that listeners create anticipations based on their previous experiences with music. When composers introduce elements that deviate from these expectations – such as unexpected harmonies, rhythms, or melodic variations – it can elicit pleasure and interest in the listener. This interaction between expectation and surprise is a critical aspect of music perception and enjoyment, as it keeps the experience dynamic and engaging.

In contrast, the other concepts while relevant in different contexts, do not emphasize the enjoyment from unexpected changes in music as directly. For example, optimal complexity theory involves balancing predictability and complexity in music but does not specifically focus on the enjoyment derived from unexpected twists. Isomorphism refers to similarities across different domains, such as how music might reflect emotional states or experiences, whereas expressionism deals with conveying emotional experiences through artistic expression without centering on surprise or deviation from expectation. Therefore, the correct choice effectively encapsulates the enjoyment listeners experience when faced with unexpected musical developments.