What are extramusical associations?

Extramusical associations refer to the emotional responses that individuals experience in relation to particular sounds or music. This concept emphasizes the connection between music and feelings, memories, or experiences outside of the musical structure itself. Such associations are deeply personal and can evoke a wide range of emotions based on one's personal history, cultural background, and context in which the music is heard.

For instance, a specific melody may remind someone of a significant life event, thus triggering specific emotional responses. Music's ability to evoke memories and emotions is a key aspect of its therapeutic potential, especially in music therapy settings, where these connections can be leveraged to promote healing and emotional well-being.

Other options do not capture the essence of extramusical associations as effectively. Sound effects in music pertain more to auditory elements rather than emotional responses. Musical scales that derive from cultural norms refer to structural elements of music rather than emotional connections. Physical responses in music perception might involve reactions like tapping feet or dancing but do not necessarily encompass the emotional depth explored in extramusical associations.