In which experimental design do subjects participate in both the experimental group and control group for comparison?

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The concept being described involves a design where each subject takes part in both the experimental and control groups, allowing for direct comparisons of the effects of the treatment being studied. This design is known as the matched pairs design, where subjects are paired based on certain characteristics that are relevant to the study. By having these pairs, researchers can control for variabilities among subjects and ensure that the comparison between treatment effects is more accurate.

In a matched pairs design, the same individuals can experience both conditions; one condition is typically the treatment, and the other is a control. This is particularly advantageous because it reduces the influence of individual differences, making the results more reliable. Therefore, as subjects serve as their own controls, it allows for a clearer analysis of how the treatment impacts them.

The other designs mentioned do not involve subjects participating in both groups simultaneously. Random group design assigns participants to either the experimental or control group without overlap. Cross-sectional design involves observing different populations at a single point in time, and single subject design focuses on detailed observation of one subject or a few subjects rather than group comparisons. Each of these methods serves different research purposes that do not align with the concept of subjects engaging in both experimental and control conditions simultaneously.

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