In an experimental design, what is the term for the variable that is manipulated to affect the dependent variable?

The term for the variable that is manipulated to affect the dependent variable is referred to as the independent variable. In an experimental design, researchers intentionally change or manipulate the independent variable to observe how it impacts the dependent variable, which is the outcome being measured. This clear distinction allows researchers to establish causal relationships and understand the effects of the manipulation.

The independent variable is essential in experimental research because it provides the basis for comparison and helps determine the effectiveness of the intervention or treatment being studied. By systematically altering the independent variable, researchers can assess variations in the dependent variable resulting from those changes, thereby contributing to the validity of their findings. Understanding this concept is crucial for designing effective experiments and interpreting their results accurately.