According to Kenneth Bruscia, which must qualitative research include for validity?

Kenneth Bruscia's emphasis on methodological integrity in qualitative research highlights the importance of ensuring that the research process is conducted in a systematic, transparent, and ethical manner. Methodological integrity refers to the adherence to established standards, carefully considering how data is collected, analyzed, and interpreted to produce valid and reliable results. This includes clarity about the research design, participant selection, data collection methods, and the reflexivity of the researcher.

In qualitative research, unlike in quantitative studies, there is typically less focus on numerical data and more emphasis on understanding complex human experiences and social phenomena. Therefore, it is crucial that researchers maintain methodological integrity to enhance the credibility and trustworthiness of their findings. By ensuring rigorous qualitative methodologies, researchers can provide an accurate representation of participants' perspectives and experiences.

The other options, while relevant to research in general, do not specifically pertain to the requirements for validity in qualitative research as outlined by Bruscia. For instance, statistical analysis and random sampling are more applicable to quantitative research methodologies, while an extensive literature review, although important, does not directly ensure the validity of qualitative findings. Methodological integrity stands out as the cornerstone for establishing validity within qualitative research, centering the research on the authenticity of the data and the soundness